SEVENTH GRADE

TEMAS SEMANA 1

The Present Simple Tense

(also called the simple present tense)

(Download this explanation in PDF)


We need to use the Present Simple a lot in English, so it's really important to understand it well. Many students have problems with the form (or how to make it).

• If you'd prefer to learn about how to USE the Present Simple jump to this page.
• Or, click here for all the practice exercises about this tense.

Simple present tense with 'be'

The verb 'be' is different from the other verbs in this tense. Let's look at 'be' first:

Here's the positive form (positive means a normal sentence, not a negative or a question. This is sometimes called 'affirmative')

Positive	Positive Short Form
I am	I'm
you are	you're
he is	he's
she is	she's
it is	it's
we are	we're
they are	they're

Next, here's the negative. It's very easy. You only add 'not'.

Negative	Negative short form
I am not	I'm not
you are not	you aren't
he is not	he isn't
she is not	she isn't
it is not	it isn't
we are not	we aren't
they are not	they aren't

And finally let's talk about the question form of the present simple with 'be'.

Firstly, here's the 'yes / no' question form:

Yes / No Questions

am I ?

are you ?

is he ?

is she ?

is it ?

are we ?

are they ?

If you'd like to make a 'wh' question, you just put the question word at the front:

Wh Questions
where	am I ?
what	are you ?
why	is he ?
who	is she ?
when	are we ?
how	are they ?

Present simple tense with other verbs

With all other verbs, we make the present simple in the same way.

The positive is really easy. It's just the verb with an extra 's' if the subject is 'he', 'she', or 'it'. Let's take the verb 'play' as an example:

Positive (of 'play')

I play

you play

he plays

she plays

it plays

we play

they play

• Don't forget the 's'! Even really advanced students do this!
• For a few verbs, there is a spelling change before the 's'. For example, 'study' becomes 'studies'.
.
• There are also few verbs which are irregular in the present simple:
  1. 'have' becomes 'has'
  2. 'do' becomes 'does'
  3. 'go' becomes 'goes'

To make the negative form, you need to use 'do not' (don't) or ' does not' (doesn't).

Negative (of 'play')
I do not play	I don't play
you do not play	you don't play
he does not play	he doesn't play
she does not play	she doesn't play
it does not play	it doesn't play
we do not play	we don't play
they do not play	they don't play

How about the question form of the present simple tense?

We use 'do' or 'does' before the subject to make the 'yes / no' question:

Yes / No questions

do I play ?

do you play ?

does he play ?

does she play ?

does it play ?

do we play ?

do they play ?

Just like with 'be', if you'd like to make a 'wh' question, you just put the question word at the front:

Wh Questions
where	do I play ?
what	do you play ?
why	does he play ?
who	does she play ?
when	do we play ?
how	do they play ?

semana 2:

FREQUENCY ADVERBS

• Always (siempre)
• Usually ( usualmente)
• Normally // Generally (normalmente // generalmente)
• Often // Frequently (frecuentemente // a menudo)
• Sometimes (algunas veces)
• Occasionally (ocasionalmente)
• Seldom (pocas veces)
• Hardly ever // Rarely (casi nunca // rara vez)
• Never (nunca)

¿Como se utilizan?

Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb but after verb “to be” 
(se colocan antes del verbo principal pero después del verbo “to be”).

• They don´ t usually watch TV.
• She never eats sweets.
• They are usually in bed by 11:30
• She´s never eaten Chinese food.
• Have you ever had a really serious illness? (= ever = alguna vez)

Sometimes, usually, normally, frequently, often and occasionally can also go at the beginning or end of a sentence (en ocasiones, los adverbios indicados, pueden ir al principio o al final de la oración).

• Sometimes I walk to work.
• Do you see your parentes often

Frequency expressions or adverbs phrases of frequency (every evening, once a week, twice a week…) normally go at the end a clause (las “expresiones de frecuencia” se colocan al final de la oración).

• I watch TV every evening.
• I go to the cinema twice a week. 
• We use “How often…?” to ask (utilizamos la fórmula “How often…” para preguntar por la frecuencia con la que alguien hace algo).
• How often do they watch TV? They watch TV every evening.
• How often do you go swimming? I go swimming once a week.

FORMACIÓN DEL PARTICIPIO DE PRESENTE O GERUNDIO (INFINITIVO + ING) Y SUS EXCEPCIONES

La forma verbo + ing se llama participio de presente (gerundio).

¿Cómo se forma el participio de presente? Basta con añadir “ing” al verbo.

• Talk = talking.
• Mix = mixing.
• Play = playing.

Si el verbo acaba en consonante + vocal acentuada + consonante, debemos duplicar la consonante final antes de añadir el sufijo “ing”.

• Stop = stopping.
• Run = runnig.
• Begin = beginning.

Los verbos que acaban en vocal + consonante + “e” muda pierden la “e” final antes de añadir el sufijo “ing”.

• Dance = dancing.
• Bake = baking.
• Close = closing.

Pero, los verbos que acaban en doble “e” la mantienen antes de añadir el sufijo “ing”.

• Agree = agreeing.

Finalmente, hay algunos verbos en inglés que acaban en ie. Estos verbos cambian la ie por y antes de añadir el sufijo ing:

• Lie = lying.
• Tie = tying.
• Die = dying.

VERBOS QUE NO SE UTILIZAN EN PRESENTE CONTINUO

Existen una serie de verbos que normalmente no pueden emplearse en Presente Continuo, excepto en ocasiones excepcionales:

• Verbos que expresan sensaciones, como feel (sentir), hear (oír), see (ver) o smell (oler).
• Verbos que expresan posesión, como belong (pertenecer), own (ser propietario de) o possess (poseer).
• Verbos que expresan sentimientos o emociones, como desire (anhelar), detest (detestar), dislike (disgustar), fear (temer), hate (odiar), like(gustar), love (amar), respect (respetar), want (querer) o wish (desear).
• Verbos que expresan actividades mentales, como agree (estar de acuerdo), believe (creer), forget (olvidar), know (saber), realice (darse cuenta), recognize (reconocer), remember (recordar), suppose (suponer), think (pensar) o understand (entender).

semana 3:  

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Present continuous, también llamado present progressive o -ing form, es la forma continua del  presente en inglés. Se asemeja al uso del gerundio (ando, endo, iendo) en español. 

Se utiliza principalmente para expresar acciones que están teniendo lugar en el momento 
del habla o que tienen un futuro proximo:

James is travelling around Australia. He is staying at a youth hostel in a little Australian town. 

 The town is becoming more and more popular because of its beautiful beaches.

Use of the Present Progressive

Actions happening at the moment of speaking

Peter is reading a book now.

Fixed plans in the near future

We are going to Basel on Saturday.

Temporary actions: I am working in Rome this month.

Actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer actions):  My friend is preparing for his exams.

Trends: More and more people are using their computers to listen to music.

Repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker   (with always, constantly, forever)

Andrew is always coming late.

2. Signal words

• now
• at the moment
• Look!
• Listen!

3. Form

to be (am, are, is) + Infinitiv + -ing

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vQ-PukNEMDeCgzbHRlCwrHETRn5I4_JemyPfGDlyKbO7x8_aUT3h56SUYkwEwYFaQ/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000

present tense vs present progressive

Form

Simple Present	Present Progressive
infinitive (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak you speak he / she / it speaks we speak they speak	form of 'be' and verb + ing I am speaking you are speaking he / she / it is speaking we are speaking they are speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 's' : For can, may, might, must, do not add s. Example: he can, she may, it must After o, ch, sh or s, add es. Example: do - he does, wash - she washes After a consonant, the final consonant y becomes ie. (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - he worries but: play - he plays	Exceptions when adding 'ing' : Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come - coming but: agree - agreeing After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled. Example: sit - sitting After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling (British English) but: traveling (American English) Final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying

Use

In general or right now?

Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
in general (regularly, often, never) Colin plays football every Tuesday. present actions happening one after another First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.	right now Look! Colin is playing football now. also for several actions happening at the same time Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Signal words
always every ... often normally usually sometimes seldom never first then	at the moment at this moment today now right now Listen! Look!
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present: be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want

Timetable / Schedule or arrangement?

Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future? Or do you refer to a time set by a timetable or schedule?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
action set by a timetable or schedule The film starts at 8 pm.	arrangement for the near future I am going to the cinema tonight.

Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?

Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Or do you want to emphasis that something is only going on for a limited (rather short) period of time?

Simple Present	Present Progressive
daily routine Bob works in a restaurant.	only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly at the moment of speaking) Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.

Certain Verbs

The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form).

• state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit
  Example: We are on holiday.
• possession: belong, have
  Example: Sam has a cat.
• senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
  Example: He feels the cold.
• feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish
  Example: Jane loves pizza.
• brain work: believe, know, think, understand
  Example: I believe you.
• Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say
  Example: “I am watching TV,“ he says.

Explanation video:

Explanation 2: 

This video is for learning more about the difference between simple present and present progressive

semana 4:

Vocabulary 

Review, this web page.  It is the British Council web page. It is very useful for you!

https://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/short-stories

REVISA ESTE VIDEO PARA QUE APRENDAS LA PRONUNCIACION CORRECTA DE LAS GRAFIAS O SONIDOS EN INGLES:

SOUND AND PHONETIC SYMBOLS IN ENGLISH

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